Izixhobo eziphathwayo ze-Dongguan njengomenzi ochwepheshile wezixhobo zoomatshini besiza, siyila izixhobo zoomatshini kwindawo, kubandakanya umatshini odikayo womgca ophathwayo, umatshini ojongene neflange ophathwayo, umatshini wokungqusha ophathwayo kunye nezinye izixhobo zesiza ngokweemfuno zakho. I-ODM/OEM yamkelwe njengoko ifuneka.
Kwindawo edikayo ibhanjengenxalenye yomgca ophathwayo womshini wokudika, sinokwenza ubude bebha ekruqulayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2000-12000 yeemitha ngokobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Kwaye i-diameter ekruqulayo inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ukusuka kwi-30mm-250mm ngokwemeko yenkonzo yesayithi.
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kweebha ezikruqulayo ikakhulu ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:
Izinto zokwakha: Okokuqala, ngokobungakanani kunye nokumila kwebar ekruqulayo, khetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokusika.
Hammering: Hammer izinto ezisikiweyo ukuphucula ubume kunye nokusebenza kwemathiriyeli.
Annealing: Ngonyango lwe-annealing, uxinzelelo kunye neziphene ngaphakathi kwemathiriyeli ziyapheliswa, kwaye iplastiki kunye nokuqina kwemathiriyeli kuyaphuculwa.
Ukwenziwa ngoomatshini okurhabaxa: Yenza inkqubo yokulungisa oomatshini, kubandakanya ukujika, ukugawula kunye nezinye iinkqubo, ukwenza ubume obusisiseko bebha ekruqulayo.
Ukucima kunye nokuthambisa: Ngokucima kunye nonyango olushushu, izinto eziphathekayo zifumana iimpawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini, kubandakanya amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina okuphezulu.
Ukugqiba: Ngokusila kunye nezinye iinkqubo, ibha yokudika icutshungulwa ngokucokisekileyo ukufezekisa ubungakanani obufunekayo kunye nokuchaneka kwemilo.
Ubushushu obuphezulu bobushushu: Ukuphucula ngakumbi iipropathi zoomatshini kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.
Ukugaya: Yenza ukugaya okokugqibela kwebha ekruqulayo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wayo womphezulu kunye nokuchaneka komda.
Ukufudumala: Ukufudumala kwenziwa kwakhona ukuzinzisa isakhiwo kunye nokunciphisa ukuguqulwa.
I-Nitriding: Umphezulu webha ekruqulayo i-nitrided ukuphucula ubulukhuni bayo kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.
Ukugcinwa (ufakelo): Emva kokuba yonke inkqubo igqityiwe, ibha yokukruqula igcinwa okanye ifakwe ngokuthe ngqo ukuze isetyenziswe.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokulungiswa konyango lobushushu kwimivalo ekruqulayo
Imivalo ekruqulayo idla ngokwenziwa ngemathiriyeli enamandla amakhulu, ukumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nempembelelo ephezulu, njengentsimbi yesakhiwo sentsimbi ye-40CrMo. Inkqubo yonyango lobushushu ibandakanya ukulinganisa, ukuthambisa kunye ne-nitriding. Ukulungelelanisa kunokuphucula isakhiwo, ukwandisa amandla kunye nokuqina; ukucaphuka kunokuphelisa ukucutshungulwa koxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa i-deformation; i-nitriding iphucula ngakumbi ukuqina komphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo zemivalo ekruqulayo
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yokucubungula ibha ekruqulayo ziquka ukungcangcazela kunye nokuguqulwa. Ukuze kuncitshiswe i-vibration, iindlela zokusika ezinqamlekileyo zingasetyenziselwa, njengokusebenzisa i-disc ye-boring cutter disc, enokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza.
Ukuze ulawule i-deformation, unyango olufanelekileyo lokushisa kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweeparamitha zenkqubo zifunekayo ngexesha lokucubungula. Ukongeza, ukulawulwa kwe-deformation ngexesha le-nitriding enzima nayo ibalulekile, kwaye umgangatho kufuneka uqinisekiswe ngovavanyo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwenkqubo.
Ibha ekruqulayolelinye lawona macandelo aphambili esixhobo somatshini. Ixhomekeke kwizitshixo zesikhokelo ezibini zokukhokela kwaye uqhubele phambili nasemva nge-axial ukuphumeza ukondla kwe-axial. Kwangaxeshanye, i-hollow spindle yenza intshukumo ejikelezayo ngetorque engundoqo yokuhambisa ukuphumeza ukujikeleza okujikelezayo. Ibha ekruqulayo ingundoqo yentshukumo ephambili yesixhobo somatshini, kwaye umgangatho wayo wokuvelisa unempembelelo ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwesixhobo somatshini. Ngoko ke, ukuhlalutya kunye nokufunda inkqubo yokucubungula ibar enesithukuthezi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthembeka, ukuzinza kunye nomgangatho wesixhobo somatshini.
Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zebha ezikruqulayo
I-bar enesithukuthezi iyona nto iphambili yokudluliselwa kweyona nto iphambili kwaye idinga ukuba neempawu eziphezulu zoomatshini ezifana nokugoba ukugoba, ukuxhatshazwa kokugqoka kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo. Oku kufuna ukuba ibha ekruqulayo inokuqina okwaneleyo kumbindi kunye nobunzima obaneleyo kumphezulu. Umxholo wekhabhoni we-38CrMoAlA, i-alloy high-quality structural iron, yenza ukuba insimbi ibe namandla okwaneleyo, kunye nezinto ze-alloy ezifana ne-Cr, i-Mo, kunye ne-Al zingenza isigaba esiyinkimbinkimbi esichithwayo kunye nekhabhoni kwaye sisasazwe ngokulinganayo kwi-matrix. Xa iphantsi koxinzelelo lwangaphandle, idlala umqobo womatshini kwaye iqinisa. Phakathi kwabo, ukongezwa kwe-Cr kunokunyusa kakhulu ubunzima be-nitriding layer, ukuphucula ukuqina kwentsimbi kunye namandla angundoqo; ukongezwa kwe-Al kunokunyusa kakhulu ukuqina kwe-nitriding layer kunye nokucoca iinkozo; I-Mo ikakhulu iphelisa i-tender brittleness yentsimbi. Emva kweminyaka yovavanyo kunye nokuhlola, i-38CrMoAlA inokuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphambili zokusebenza kweebhari ezikruqulayo kwaye okwangoku lukhetho lokuqala lwezixhobo zebar ezikruqulayo.
Ulungiselelo lonyango lobushushu bebha edinayo kunye nomsebenzi
Ulungiselelo lonyango lobushushu: ukunyanzeliswa + ukuthambisa + i-nitriding. Boring bar nitriding linyathelo lokugqibela kwinkqubo unyango ubushushu. Ukuze wenze undoqo we-bar okruqulayo ube neempawu eziyimfuneko zoomatshini, ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lokuqhuba, unciphise ukonakala ngexesha lenkqubo ye-nitriding, kwaye ulungiselele ulwakhiwo lolona luhlu lubalaseleyo lwe-nitriding, ibha ekruqulayo kufuneka iphathwe ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu ngaphambi kokuba i-nitriding, oko kukuthi, i-normalizing kunye ne-teering.
(1) Ukuqheleka. Ukwenza isiqhelo kukufudumeza intsimbi ukuya ngaphezu kobushushu obubalulekileyo, uyigcine ishushu kangangexesha elithile, emva koko uyipholise ngomoya. Isantya sokupholisa siyakhawuleza noko. Emva kokuqhelekileyo, isakhiwo esiqhelekileyo yi-blocky "ferrite + pearlite", isakhiwo senxalenye sisulungekile, amandla kunye nokuqina kwanda, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luyancitshiswa, kwaye ukusebenza kokusika kuphuculwe. Ukusebenza okubandayo akufuneki ngaphambi kokuba kuqheleke, kodwa i-oxidation kunye ne-decarburization layer eveliswa yi-normalizing iya kukhokelela kwizinto ezingalunganga ezifana nokunyuka kwe-brittleness kunye nobunzima obunganelanga emva kwe-nitriding, ngoko ke isibonelelo esaneleyo sokucubungula kufuneka sishiywe kwinkqubo yokulinganisa.
(2) Ukucaphuka. Ubungakanani bokucutshungulwa emva kokuqhelekileyo bukhulu, kwaye inani elikhulu loxinzelelo lomatshini luya kuveliswa emva kokusika. Ukuze kupheliswe ukucinezeleka komatshini wokucutshungulwa emva kokulungiswa okurhabaxa kunye nokunciphisa i-deformation ngexesha le-nitriding, kuyimfuneko yokongeza unyango olushushu emva kokulungiswa okurhabaxa. Ubushushu bubushushu obuphezulu emva kokucima, kwaye isakhiwo esifunyenweyo si-troostite esihle. Amalungu emva kokufudumala anokuqina okwaneleyo kunye namandla. Amalungu amaninzi abalulekileyo kufuneka athotywe.
(3) Umahluko phakathi kwesakhiwo sematrix esiqhelekileyo kunye ne "normalizing + tempering" isakhiwo sematrix. Ulwakhiwo lwematrix emva kokuqhelekileyo luyi-blocky ferrite kunye ne-pearlite, ngelixa ulwakhiwo lwe-matrix emva kokuba "i-normalizing + tempering" lulwakhiwo oluhle lwe-troostite.
(4) I-Nitriding. I-Nitriding yindlela yonyango yokushisa eyenza umphezulu wenxalenye ube nobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, ngelixa i-core igcina amandla okuqala kunye nokuqina. Intsimbi equlethe ichromium, imolybdenum okanye i-aluminiyam iya kufumana umphumo ofanelekileyo emva kwe-nitriding. Umgangatho wesixhobo sokusebenza emva kwe-nitriding: ① Umphezulu wecwecwe lesilivere-ngwevu kunye ne-matte. ② Ukuqina komphezulu we-workpiece yi-≥1 000HV, kunye nokuqina komphezulu emva kokusila yi-≥900HV. ③ Ubunzulu bomgangatho we-nitriding ngu-≥0.56mm, kwaye ubunzulu emva kokusila ngu> 0.5mm. ④ I-nitriding deformation ifuna ukubaleka ≤0.08mm. ⑤ Inqanaba le-Brittleness 1 ukuya kwi-2 lifanelekile, elinokuthi liphunyezwe kwimveliso yangempela, kwaye kungcono emva kokugaya.
(5) Umahluko kwisakhiwo phakathi kwe-"normalizing + nitriding" kunye ne "normalizing + tempering + nitriding". Impembelelo ye-nitriding "yokuqhelanisa + ukucima kunye nokufudumeza + i-nitriding" ingcono kakhulu kune "normalizing + nitriding". Kulwakhiwo lwe-nitriding "yokuqhelanisa + i-nitriding", kukho i-nitridi enqabileyo ene-blocky ecacileyo kunye nerhabaxa emile okwenaliti, enokuthi isetyenziswe njengesalathiso sokuhlalutya isenzeko sokuchithwa kwe-nitriding yeebhari ezikruqulayo.
Inkqubo yokugqiba imivalo ekruqulayo:
Inkqubo: ukugquma → ukuqheleka → ukugrumba kunye nomngxuma osembindini ojikajikayo → ukujika rhabaxa → ukucima nokuqukumbela → ukugqiba ukugqiba ukujika → ukusila ngokurhabaxa kwesangqa esingaphandle → ukusila ngokurhabaxa komngxunya we taper → ukukrwela → ukugoba kumjelo ngamnye → ukugoba isitshixo → isitshixo sokuvumela ukucolwa Ukusila okuphakathi kwesangqa sangaphandle → ukusila okuphakathi kokusila komngxuma ongaphakathi → ukugalela i-nitriding → ukugqibezela ukugqiba ukusila komngxuma wetaper (ukugcina isibonelelo sokusila esicikizekileyo) → ukusila okuphakathi kokusila kwesangqa esingaphandle (ukugcina isibonelelo sokusila esicolekileyo) → ukusila ngendlela yesitshixo → ukusila ngokucokisekileyo → ukusila ngokucokisekileyo. isangqa sangaphandle → ukupolisha → ukuqhobosha.
Inkqubo yokugqiba imivalo ekruqulayo. Ekubeni ibha ekruqulayo ifuna i-nitrided, iinkqubo ezimbini zesangqa sangaphandle zokugqiba ezimbini zicwangciswe ngokukodwa. I-semi-finishing yokuqala yokusila ilungiselelwe phambi kwe-nitriding, injongo kukubeka isiseko esihle sonyango lwe-nitriding. Ikakhulu kukulawula isibonelelo kunye nokuchaneka kwejometri yebha ekruqulayo ngaphambi kokugaya ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukuqina kwe-nitriding layer emva kwe-nitriding ingaphezu kwe-900HV. Nangona i-deformation yokugoba incinci ngexesha le-nitriding, i-deformation phambi kwe-nitriding akufanele ilungiswe, ngaphandle koko ingaba mkhulu kune-deformation yasekuqaleni. Inkqubo yethu yefektri inquma ukuba isibonelelo sesangqa sangaphandle ngexesha lokuqala lokugqiba i-semi-finishing yi-0.07 ~ 0.1mm, kwaye inkqubo yesibini yokugqiba i-semi-finishing icwangciswe emva kokugaya okulungileyo komngxuma we-tapered. Le nkqubo ifakela i-core yokugaya kwi-tapered hong, kwaye iziphelo ezimbini zityhalwa phezulu. Esinye isiphelo sityhala umngxuma osembindini wobuso obuncinane besiphelo sebha ekruqulayo, kwaye esinye isiphelo sityhala umngxuma osembindini wondoqo wokusila. Emva koko isangqa sangaphandle siphantsi kunye nesakhelo seziko elisemthethweni, kwaye isiseko sokugaya asisuswanga. I-spline grinder iyajika ukuze icole isitshixo. Isiqingatha sesibini sokugqiba ukugaya isangqa sangaphandle kukwenza uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluveliswe ngexesha lokugaya kakuhle isangqa sangaphandle sibonise kuqala, ukwenzela ukuba ukuchaneka kokugaya umgca wesitshixo kuya kuphuculwa kwaye kuzinzile. Ngenxa yokuba kukho isiseko se-semi-ukugqiba isangqa sangaphandle, impembelelo kwindlela engundoqo ngexesha lokugaya kakuhle isangqa sangaphandle sincinci kakhulu.
Indlela engundoqo icutshungulwa kusetyenziswa i-spline grinder, enye isiphelo sijongene nomngxuma ophakathi wesiphelo esincinci sobuso bebar ekruqulayo kwaye esinye isiphelo sijongene nomngxuma ophakathi we-core yokusila. Ngale ndlela, xa ukugaya, isitshixo sijonge phezulu, kunye ne-deformation yokugoba yesangqa sangaphandle kunye nokuthe tye kwesixhobo somatshini wesikhokelo kuchaphazela kuphela i-bottom of the groove, kwaye ibe nefuthe elincinci kumacala amabini e-groove. Ukuba i-grinder kaloliwe yesikhokelo isetyenziselwa ukucutshungulwa, ukuguqulwa okubangelwa ngokuthe tye kwesixhobo somatshini wesikhokelo kunye ne-deadweight ye-bar enesithukuthezi iya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo kwendlela engundoqo. Ngokubanzi, kulula ukusebenzisa i-spline grinder ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuthi tye kunye nokuhambelana kwendlela engundoqo.
Isangqa sangaphandle ukugaya okulungileyo kwebar ekruqulayo kuqhutyelwa kwi-grinder yendalo yonke, kwaye indlela esetyenzisiweyo yindlela yokugaya i-longitudinal tool center.
Ukukhutshwa komngxuma we-tapered yinto enkulu egqityiweyo yokuchaneka kwemveliso yomshini odikayo. Iimfuno zokugqibela zokusetyenzwa komngxuma ocociweyo zezi: ① Ukuphuma komngxuma ocociweyo ukuya kwidayamitha engaphandle kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba yi-0.005mm ekupheleni komphetho kunye ne-0.01mm kwi-300mm ukusuka ekupheleni. ② Indawo yoqhagamshelwano yomngxunya oqingqiweyo yi-70%. ③ Ixabiso lomphezulu woburhabaxa bomngxuma ocoliweyo yi-Ra=0.4μm. Indlela yokugqiba umngxuma we-tapered: enye kukushiya isibonelelo, kwaye emva koko uqhagamshelwano lomngxuma we-tapered lufikelela ekuchanekeni kwemveliso yokugqibela ngokuzigaya ngexesha lokuhlanganisa; enye kukuhlangabezana ngqo neemfuno zobugcisa ngexesha lokucubungula. Umzi-mveliso wethu ngoku wamkela indlela yesibini, oku kukusebenzisa ikepusi ukucinezela isiphelo sangasemva sebar ekruqulayo M76X2-5g, sebenzisa isakhelo seziko ukuseta isangqa sangaphandle φ 110h8MF kwisiphelo sangaphambili, sebenzisa i-micrometer ukulungelelanisa isangqa sangaphandle φ 80js6, kwaye ugaye umngxuma owenziweyo.
Ukugaya kunye nokupolisha yinkqubo yokugqibela yokugqiba ibha yokukruqula. Ukucola kunokufumana ukuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu ophantsi kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto zesixhobo sokugaya zithambile kunezinto zokusebenza kwaye zinesakhiwo esifanayo. Eyona nto isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo insimbi yokugaya insimbi (jonga i-Figure 10), efanelekile ukucutshungulwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunye nokugaya okulungileyo, kunokuqinisekisa umgangatho omhle wokugaya kunye nemveliso ephezulu, kwaye isixhobo sokugaya kulula ukwenza kwaye sineendleko eziphantsi. Kwinkqubo yokugaya, i-fluid yokugaya ayidlali nje indima yokudibanisa i-abrasives kunye ne-lubricating kunye nokupholisa, kodwa idlala indima yeekhemikhali ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokugaya. Iya kubambelela kumphezulu womsebenzi, okwenza ukuba uluhlu lwefilimu ye-oxide lwenze phezu kwendawo yokusebenza ngokukhawuleza, kwaye idlale indima ekuphuculeni iincopho kwindawo yokusebenzela kunye nokukhusela iintlambo ebusweni bomsebenzi. I-abrasive esetyenziswe kwi-bar yokusila i-bar grinding ngumxube we-white corundum powder ye-aluminium oxide emhlophe kunye ne-kerosene.
Nangona ibar ekruqulayo ifezekise ukuchaneka okuhle komgangatho kunye noburhabaxa obuphantsi bomphezulu emva kokusila, umphezulu wayo uhlonyelwe isanti kwaye umnyama. Emva kokuba i-bar ekruqulayo idityaniswe kunye ne-spindle evulekileyo, amanzi amnyama aphuma ngaphandle. Ukuze kupheliswe isanti yokusila efakwe kumphezulu webar enesithukuthezi, umzi-mveliso wethu usebenzisa isixhobo sokuzicoca esenziwe ngokuzenzela ukupolisha umphezulu webar edinayo ngechromium oxide eluhlaza. Isiphumo sokwenyani sihle kakhulu. Umphezulu webha ekruqulayo uqaqambile, umhle kwaye awugugi.
Ukuhlolwa kwebha ekruqulayo
(1) Jonga ukuba tye. Beka iintsimbi ezinemilo engu-V zobude obulinganayo kwiqonga le-0. Beka ibha yokubhongisa kwintsimbi ene-V, kwaye indawo ye-V-shaped iron i-2/9L ye-φ 110h8MF (jonga uMzobo 11). Ukunyamezela kokuthe tye kobude bonke bebar ekruqulayo yi-0.01mm.
Okokuqala, sebenzisa i-micrometer ukujonga i-isometry yamanqaku A kunye no-B kwi-2/9L. Ukufundwa kwamanqaku A kunye no-B ngu-0. Emva koko, ngaphandle kokuhambisa ibha yokukruqula, linganisa ubude obuphakathi kunye neendawo ezimbini zokugqibela a, b, kunye no-c, kwaye urekhode amaxabiso; gcina ibha yokukruqula i-axially imile, jika ibha yokukruqula i-90 ° ngesandla, kwaye usebenzise i-micrometer ukulinganisa ubude bamanqaku a, b, kunye no-c, kwaye urekhode amaxabiso; emva koko ujike ibha yokukruqula i-90 °, ulinganise ubude bamanqaku a, b, kunye no-c, kwaye urekhode amaxabiso. Ukuba akukho nalinye kumaxabiso afunyenweyo elidlula i-0.01mm, oko kuthetha ukuba ifanelekile, kwaye ngokuphambeneyo.
(2) Jonga ubungakanani, ukungqukuva, kunye necylindricity. I-diameter yangaphandle ye-bar ekruqulayo ihlolwe nge-micrometer yangaphandle. Yahlula ubude obupheleleyo bobuso obukhazimlisiweyo bebar ekruqulayo φ 110h8MF kwiindawo ezili-17 ezilinganayo, kwaye usebenzise i-diameter yangaphandle ye-micrometer ukulinganisa i-dayamitha ngokolandelelwano lwe-radial a, b, c, kunye no-d, kwaye udwelise idatha elinganisiweyo kwitheyibhile yokuhlola ibha ekruqulayo.
Impazamo yeCylindricity ibhekisa kumahluko kububanzi kwicala elinye. Ngokwamaxabiso athe tye kwitheyibhile, impazamo yecylindricality kwicala ngu-0, impazamo kwicala lika-b ngu-2μm, impazamo ku-c ngu-2μm, kwaye impazamo kwicala lika-d ngu-2μm. Uthathela ingqalelo amacala amane ka-a, b, c, kunye no-d, umahluko phakathi kowona maxabiso aphezulu kunye nobuncinci yimpazamo yokwenyani ye-cylindricity ye-2μm.
Impazamo engqukuva ithelekiswa namaxabiso kwimiqolo ethe nkqo yetafile, kwaye ixabiso eliphezulu lomahluko phakathi kwamaxabiso lithathiwe. Ukuba ukuhlolwa kwebar enesithukuthezi kungaphumeleli okanye enye yezinto idlula ukunyamezela, kuyimfuneko ukuqhubeka nokugaya kunye nokupolisha de kudlule.
Ukongeza, ngexesha lokuhlolwa, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwimpembelelo yobushushu begumbi kunye nobushushu bomzimba womntu (ubambe i-micrometer) kwiziphumo zokulinganisa, kwaye ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekupheliseni iimpazamo zokungakhathali, ukunciphisa impembelelo yeempazamo zokulinganisa, kunye nokwenza amaxabiso okulinganisa achaneke kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ukuba ufuna ikwindawo ekruqulayo barcustomzied, wamkelekile ukuba uqhagamshelane nathi ngolwazi oluthe vetshe.
